The 1-D biological model was adapted from Eslinger et al (2001), and the codes were rewritten in a 3-D framework (Wang et al., 2003). The model has nine compartments: two phytoplankton (diatom and flagellates: D and F), three zooplankton (small copepods, large copepods, and microzooplankton: ZS, ZL, ZP), three nutrients (nitrogen, ammonium, silicon: NOB3B, NHB4B, Si) and detritus (Det). The linkages between the nine compartments are illustrated in Fig. 1. Note we have changed the one the large zooplankton type in Eslinger et al (2001) to be microzooplankton, according to the fact that large zooplankton were rarely observed in the southeastern Bering Sea middle shelf. This biological submodel is coupled with the physical submodel (Princeton Ocean Model, POM). The vertical mixing coefficient KBHB is used for all the biological variables according to the conventional understanding that a plankton organism moves passively with the water. Tidal mixing is explicitly calculated in the model instead of the tidal parameterization in Eslinger et al (2001). The 1-D PhEcoM equations are expressed as follows:

References:
Wang, J., C. Deal, Z. Wan, M. Jin, N. Tanaka and M. Ikeda, 2003. User’s Guide for a Physical-Ecosystem Model (PhEcoM) in the Subpolar and Polar Oceans. International Arctic Research Center-Frontier Research System for Global Change, Tech. Rep. 02-02, 69 pp.

Jin, M. C.J. Deal, J. Wang, K.-H. Shin, N. Tanaka, T. Whitledge, S. H. Lee, R.R. Gradinger, 2006. Controls of the landfast ice-ocean ecosystem offshore Barrow, Alaska. Annals of Glaciology (iin press)

Jin, M., C.J. Deal, J. Wang, N. Tanaka, and M. Ikeda, 2006. Vertical mixing effects on the phytoplankton bloom in the southeastern Bering Sea mid-shelf. J. Geophys. Res., 111, C03002, doi:10.1029/2005JC002994.

Deal, C.J., M. Jin, J. Wang, N. Tanaka, M. Ikeda, T. Whitledge and T. Rho, 2006. Dynamics of plankton and nutrients in the Bering Sea: An ecosystem model study with special focus on the coccolithophore bloom and water column nitrification (submitted to Prog. Oceanogr.)